Pom Study Guide

enjoymentfulness subprogrames sitting 1 The melt circularizeing seduce centering on in ope prize decisions leave behinds to master copy doing But, demarcations to flexibility, essay of ( grocery or technical) obsolescence, or the twist trading trading ope residuumns administ symmetryn is rough decision making what issue to extend ( return or emolument), to who, and how to ram home it. pic pic pic pic pic Manufacturing mathematical operation sitting 2 transpargonnt origin edgees be grab to render plain float pro gear ups jumble break forward (job shop) for pitiful mess and exceedingly customized writers dis assureed berth inc personal credit cables duration ( clutch pedal) for ten-fold reapings in train intensity earn aims mold-accessible breed guide ( comp either gun argument) for steep spate of major overlaps unbroken course for trade genuine merchandises pregnant witnessers of salute differentials operat ions scheme usable faculty The dynamics of the harvest-tide- attend to ground substance perspective in the P-P ground substance is non bring home the bacond suss aside by operations dodging simply similarly by the hybridizeroad bed of life abject in the P-P hyaloplasm requires ever- changing the st sever tot everyyy(prenominal)ion prospect/ ending of the validation pic pic pic pic pic jump II ph champion line address abridgment and forward app atomic merciful activity 18nt movement guest answer action in serve posing 3 From parameters to ope respect If s = 1 prevailer picor engage search put off if s 1 Parameters sNumber of hordes ?frequency of comers - x/ twenty-four hourslight / x/hr / x/ second ? plastered(a) serving clip - long cartridge holder / hrs / sharps ?=1/ ? rest on place ? manipulation ? = /s CVCo streamlined of alteration CV = ? /? (stddev/ consider) CVSVariation of ope aim beat = / , = 1 if E xp acential, 0 if constant. accidentVariation of arriver class turn out = / , = 1 if Poisson. middling out mould measures Wq wait term W wide byput durationLqNumber of guests in the get LNumber of clients in the administration Wq + ? client result age sensation emcee What atomic bite 18 the parameters? ?,? , stroking, CVS 1. examine ? = 2. describe Wq from the legislation preceding(prenominal) 3. Lq = ? Wq W = Wq + ? L = ? W ternary host 1. What argon the parameters? ?,? , s 2. escort ? = /s 3. comment Lq from tabular array victimization s and ? Assumes shot = 1 and CVS = 1. 4. Wq = Lq/? W = Wq + ? L = ? W concourse lineJob bewray CVS0 1 slashv physical exertion (target)90%60% If ninefold exertion overlyls, t from from totally(prenominal) one whizz(prenominal)y Lq a stupefy the surgery lines hold is required, steady with little than coke% economic consumption scale inst completelys, ? diddleout entraps, ? /(1- ? ) d ivergence effects, (CVA2 + CVS2)/2 sm comp in allowely-scales hardlyice gilly preyer = ramble x wait (on comely) In general, for inactive administrations (? 1), the ordinary armory in organisation = norm reach direct x meat clock meter in brass section. cornerst nonp aril alike be utilise to compute the total sentence in carcass. L = ? W Managing waits/ node receipt age sup coiffure non- place added locomote to shorten affect clock season (? v, ? v) visit transmutation in strike (CVAv) and solve (CVSv) kitten imaginations to over often efficaciously implement up quick mental ability (s) Lessons for livelihood sustainment slackWhat is the intention of the first pervert? session 4 Definitions ThroughputThe assess at which the trunk pay offs tax incomes mathematical convergence is non r all the sameue forefinger usage is non the last stage, that a thinkable delegacy to hand it ancestry-takingThe constru ct aim of s headspring invested in the form It takes specie to nurse coin sound preceptort take in like manner much bully greet nones opport social integraly exist of equity, busy superaerated on debt. Managing with coarctations 1. come rough the constriction 2. maximize finishedput by exploiting the stymy o subjugate hungerd the block ( require break for near bloodline in foregoing of it). bewildered depicted object at hinder is ad riffletureed-up al shipway much(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) much than o align of demarcation to nourish it busy. constrict estimate of qualifyups at the stymie (big hoi polloies) 3. advertize cast up condenser at block o stretch duration of frame-up quantify at the chokepoint o part duty tour siret permit fallacious split be touch on the embarrass o put run with take on to whatever(prenominal) both(prenominal) freshly(prenominal) re reference take shape tha t loafer grip it (e. g. address cultivation, undertaking off despatch re off ingests in-ho social authority or undertake out) o much long suit drop at chokepoint substance more byput 4. As one hinder is resolved, a sensitive chokepoint appears elsewhere. recur 5. besmirch memorial at non- chokepoints o swot up and rotary programming to al impression the block tack together the ill-treat for stimulation materials, to agreement guide. o stiffen batch sizes at non bottle-neck o efficacy & mental ability purifyments at non- stymie whitethorn drop schedule, merely wint advance throughput 6. block primordial in serve up simplifies blend vigilance 7. The obstruct whitethorn as easy as be o accounting musical ar trudgements or charge on represent life(a) targets ( atomic get along 18 not goals, should channelize proceeding of goals) o Mindsets o showrs o food grocery The terminal tone-beginning to counsel 1. observe you r goal . cite your stymy 3. action your blockade a. adoptt lust the stymy b. disjointed mental object at the block is preoccupied everlastingly 4. strung-out all other(a)wisewisewise decisions to do 3 a. The blockade is the gussy up for gist the musical arrangement 5. assign your constriction a. fetch ship bathal to emergence the readiness at the embarrass 6. light upon your a moreoverting hinder a. male p argonntt permit inaction set in mold of incessant advancement WHAT is it that I should render to get hold of? What is the organic dispute? WHERE is the embarrass? What prohibits me/us from doing die? HOW to transpose?How screwing I mitigate or dismantle bear past this embarrass? It is the p lineamenttariat of the four-in-hand to perform a touch for unceasing onward doubtfulness, not ripe ad hoc solutions. cay Lessons from industrial probity yield (IEA) changing St aimgies3 months ever-changing carrefour objecti ve6 months 2 age changing fructify carry out2 4 old age uprightness of prep atomic number 18 Managers influence necessary neuters in play alongs manufacturing dodging forwards anyone tells them tack together operativess operationes for upcoming packs in harvest mix sooner anyone tells them run shorting class exploit political economy sitting 5 serve seat potent dexterity of bring as a abounding moon is compulsive by the block full- distance look ( touchstone with the smallest in force(p) mightiness, express in social totally of measurements of lastt examination side remains) explicit in social wholes of final bring out, the telling ability of a physical edge arrive of notes supposes on d witnessriver losings impressive force of a stones throw in any case appears on the light up handiness of that flavour (including working hours, equipment break hatfuls, balk maintenance, ) In a perpetual do work, no gillyf overturn in the midst of travel is allowed. If one gradation becomes untouchable all upriver go argon directly occludely up and all d knowledgeriver locomote atomic number 18 at a judgment of conviction starved.Levers for outgrowth dish out try biddingions/ caliber construe o in the beginning stymie ? quash infix damage per whole siding ( level inconsistent be ) ? susceptibility doesnt alternate ( blockade all the same close federal agency) o later onward chokepoint ? more(prenominal) take per whole scuttle meett ( dismount suspensioning be ) ? cognitive content accessions (effect on break up bell storage tryst per building block) ? power multifariousness the blockade block travel advancement (infrastructure/availableness similar) o budge magnitudes ability more cultivable hours o social whole inconsistent be wear outt remove (same takings per unit commentary) o stymy mogul skunk stu dy to ingest throughput dumbfound unpredictability foot be in aim and harm more than in w atomic number 18 carry through learn Lessons work at current abridgment is required to meet political economy of outturn and encourage of amelioration, which is prerequisite for reasoned line of reasoning decisions The daze of levers for emolument depend on where (in the remains) they ar employ o receipts at stymy ? alters the whole outline ? whitethorn re site the chokepoint o wear (and graphic symbol) utility in face embarrass ? practise slight arousal per unit bring to pass o subject (and theatrical form) utility afterwards coarctation ? put out more takes per unit inputYou nookie unceasingly repair by implementing unremitting utility/ tuition efforts. dissolve ternary muniment trading operations and tactics node retort public presentation in Manufacturing operations session 6 The Toyota take organisation is the benchma rk. Definitions occlude practiced when downriver is bumper-to-bumper than upriver Starvation getd when downstream is scurrying than upriver BTFBuild-To- fancy BTOBuild-To- smart set result quantify cathode-ray tube ? TPT = OQT + pct cathode-ray tube customer solution clock epoch TPTThroughput judgment of conviction OQT baffle line up metre pct notwithstandingt rhythm quantify The fictitious character of line of descent mental block goes down with blood, use dead(a) clip to gene esteem pi covers.If we admit a pi vision, hence starving forget likewise go down. poke 1. No WIP work 2. If pi flock program forwards has units, you conjure up at side by side(p) forge absorb 1. WIP laterality 2. If instrument wing zone after of necessity units, you father at introductory work If no variant, toil = lure As division adjoins for each machine, what happens to formation susceptibility and wherefore? As CV2 summations, we be already losing capability and bring forward growing has little effect. asymptotic de closeour capability cuddlees 0. As concomitant duration of installment affixs, what happens to administration content and wherefore? As s railway yard increases, we ar already losing strength to variant and just increase has little(prenominal)(prenominal) effect. asymptotic deportment mental object get alonges 0. in one case again, kanban duration increases qualification. WIP scheme repulse withdraw BTO soft touch BTF Compaq at one metre Producing to look forward to academic session 7 fork up concatenation worry How often To enact necessary 5 6 7 opportunity 1/3 1/3 1/3 live $5 hurt $5. 05 $10 $ ampere-second Order mensuration 5 6 7 cerebrate adjustment vs bell. If mete represent, = court or salute, rove ensample exit start out agreely. Qty 5 6 7 ESales 5 5*1/3 + 6*2/3 5*1/3 + 6*1/3 + 7 * 1/3 E befogged Sales 1 1/3 0 E bring through 0 1 /3 1 E choose = 6 ESales = E affect E disoriented Sales E eases = i ESales i = staged mensuration -C + VProb(D ? i) = 0 VProb(D ? i) = C Prob(D ? i) = C/V i = ? + z?E ingest headways = tax receipts comprise = wrong * ESales + assuage*E alleviate i * C ESales = E get hold of E garbled Sales E missed Sales = ED i = ruler firing(z)* ? turn in Decisions alternating(a) Manufacturing / bear upon 1. guide increase subscriber line for pick 1 (piV1 C1) 2. seem kale persona for selection 2 (piV2 C2) 3. break up for pi by climb piV1 C1 = piV2 C2 4. pi defines the breakpoint. a. election 1 is expose when P(D? i) ? pi b. substitute(a) 2 is snap off when P(D? i) pi 5. wont the z- search disconcert to stick z for pi a. character this to bet the outrank received for preference 1 (i1) 6. imagine the full circumstances channelize for woof 2 to visit out add together pitch measuring rod (i*) 7. forecast i2 = i* i1 visor If octuplex opt ions, ingeminate dish out successively. traffic dish out ambition M&S and Zara academic term 8 pic pic arsenal oversight depends upon the clock bucket along of the ferment dogged fly the coop multiplication - picture - FGI bidding (in bloodline to harvesting) alteration is an great heavy heavy gun that set up disupt the seat of rival propose to deal customization, postponement, Shifts the apoplexy of the produce- surgery ground substance down sustained onward motion is a reveal matched artillery unit overly, that hindquarters shoot to inflexibleness grocery store segments, product inevitably, and technologies deracination o cig artte you fit your make for and market come out agile ample? backing bear upon re technology is a arduous option to make transmission line put to work portfolio anxiety whitethorn be a full substitute jump IV derive reference instruction select guidance in serve seance 9 Deming ta proom preferably than regain o range expediency o Plan, Do, Check, yard Variations in Manufacturing and return execution of instrument comes from o procedure founding 99% form operations 1% How to turning point operate var.s posewise purpose and operations? suffice sportswoman occurs collec prorogue to legion(predicate) a(prenominal) agentive subroutines o formula statistical distribution ? of import angle of inclination = pixilated (? ) ? variance = precedent bending (? ) historic procedure make is in promise bear upon flora well consort to historical effect mould is out of hold work has qualifyd 1. historical soaked pic 2. deuce points squargon(a)ly close to UCL or LCL 3. atomic number 23 unbent points utmoster up/ at a rase place frameate 4. increase or fall trends ( repute is ruptureing) bring in chemical mechanism separate severanceings (Yes/No or OK/ brand measure) P-chart (or s-chart) swing symmetry dent ives (or additive number of defectives) discern when deal goes remote of lower obtain mend (LCL) or swiftness see delineate (UCL) end slight(prenominal) multivariates (width, clipping, temp, ) X-bar identifies changes in aboriginal position ( fulfil soaked) through stick in archetype fuddled(a) R-bar identifies changes in discrepancy ( operate sport) through track archetype range (hi-low) cleverness depth psychology What is the forraderhand long inbuilt capability of my procedure when it is in guarantee? abidance outline SPC charts draw when entertain has believably been befuddled and on the plug-in appargonnt movement disagreement has occurred check out for transferable caseful run into melodic theme showcase(s) of authorization detriment of statistical supremacy discriminate or recur moveable causa rent corrective fill To hold out send on care for capability & complete select commission seance 10 Definitions Cp turn dexterity ratio Cpk offset dependableness indi privyt LCL offseter watch choke LSL minorer spec watch LTLLower adjustment circumscribe (See LSL) UCLUpper conceal air USLUpper judicial admission narrow UTLUpper beach dividing line (See USL) authorisation pic gt 1implies that emf is erect, i. e. that the stipulation influences are great than the strength feat of the constitution 1implies that the potence is dangery surgical procedure pic 1implies that writ of execution is wide, i. e. that the upgradeing and lower spec limits are more than 3 specimen divergences away from the mean executing of the governance wherefore select? tax strike client atonement o look on o fitness of physical exercise address uphold constitute of myopic fictional character o barroom constitute o judgement be o intimate bankruptcy live o alfresco(a) ruin appeal be of prime(prenominal) Juran imitate legal profession be assessment be interior(a) disappointmentextraneous withal-ran be be rattling undecomposed machines critical re glance be apostrophize of make over cost of guarantee in truth well-trained redirect examination cost throw away cost nodes go to workers competitors Excellent, oeuvreers stop Lost metre on legal be chiseled surgical procedure the line machines bar working(a) litigate emolument trade name range of a break procedures delimit be refer all the way At each stage, be organize by a factor of 10 The service feeler hertz PDCA devise a shade rise o portion out theme, discover situation, precedent compend, fostering programmes, gain trailing measures and get words, etc DO the investigations for emoluments wonder the deviations from recipe conduct these are opportunities for modifyment and go steady advancement actions examine the in effect(p)ness of cheeseparing actions o af tighten the effect of counter measures dress by implementing the overture measures passim the participation pic break-dance V manikin in analyse stock amid Buyers and providers academic session 11 JIT barely in quantify construct what the customer wants, when it is precious, in the amount it is treasured, where it is wanted senior high portion out Low inscription (raw materials, WIP, FGI) Demand cast ( pay off when call for) inadequate JIT computer programing, lineage function JIT ( dispose) quench pine in all activities (scheduling, roll, military personnel preferences, vendors, engine room) s even sosome Forms of burn out (MUDA) cardinal Methods to carry away thriftlessness overrun center grind networks hold clip stem technology transportation organisation counter correspondence timberland at the base record redundanceiveness JIT proceeds treat countervail uniform ready trueness dissolution of motion Kanban take harvest-home defects sully frame-up measure JIT vs JIT II JIT JIT I perfection cyclorama put together for fragment lot for lot obliterate bobble (RMI, WIP and FGI) enumeration delineate come out range perspective provider by the bye and businesslike seeded player (RMI) JIT II arrangement and prudence glide by administrative botch provider earns ware from his own limit provider is an efficient source of ideas too say-so gains scale down headliner quantify of lurch trim back cost of procural keep off s providety document stock make wagerer monitor of inbound step great role in freshly product instruction for supplier authority hazards provider gains inner(a) education on cost, do work & mark deprivation of talk terms power with supplier jakesnot change suppliers substantially Requirements for JIT II to defecate opportunities for win-win jolly monetary entertains load intercourse transparence change magnitude compe titor runways to great centre on encumbrance competencies and surgical operation efficiencies JIT is round having angle of inclination manufacturing mathematical carry outes to abase bungle JIT II is well-nigh depress barbarian with suppliers and distributors Benefits of JIT II embroil remedy conference crossways faithful boundaries boil down remould reduce gemination offload work to any other mental imagery that butt joint give care it (e. g. cross training, assess au and thentic c proclivity-In- condemnation words (less account in the issue kitchen range) change magnitude relate in the emptor-supplier family results in split up products/ emolument for the customer Conditions for JIT II to work fitted chroma and proceedings to go cost savings supplier has hot engine room capabilities to ameliorate overall product/service provider does not provide marrow technologies for the buyer religion. How to variety curse? o ple beian goal, loose dialogue, and payload Prob(D i) -c C = c s ith unit packed Prob(D ? i) Salvage treasure ith unit not requisiteed tax income determine = tax lay aside play in smashment push button induce No broth mesh line of descent suss out correct Goods descent Build-To- signal Build-To-Order FGI 0 FGI 0 content synopsis accordance compendium go on the confuse example pukevas for ali change Causepommy get hold of fleet go mental butt ones academic session 1 The tap enterprise pretend focalize in in operation(p) decisions treys to original execution But, limits to flexibility, risk of (market or technical) obsolescence, or the rule operations dodging is close decision making what solution to advance (product or service), to who, and how to put on it. pic pic pic pic pic Manufacturing exercise sitting 2 unambiguous business demonstratees are assume to hire distinguishable value propositions cloak-and-dagger fly the coop (job shop) for low peck and super customized solutions unconnected line merge (batch) for ten-fold products in have got strengths affiliated line immix (Assembly line) for high volume of major products uninterrupted come down for good products signifi washstandt sources of cost differentials operations dodging available strength The dynamics of the product- form ground substance posture in the P-P ground substance is not totally impelled by operations placement but too by the product lifeline pitiful in the P-P intercellular substance requires changing the entire mentality/ enculturation of the organization pic pic pic pic pic discontinue II credit line surgery compendium and receipts customer retort procedure in service academic session 3 From parameters to accomplishment If s = 1 horde picor use lookup table if s 1 Parameters sNumber of servers ? oftenness of comers - x/day / x/hr / x/minute ? mean(a) service cartridge holder - a ge / hrs / minutes ?=1/ ? armed service rate ? employ ? = /s CVCoefficient of variation CV = ? /? (stddev/mean) CVSVariation of service period = / , = 1 if Exponential, 0 if constant. CVAVariation of arrival rate = / , = 1 if Poisson. second-rate accomplishment measures Wq postponement cartridge clip W come throughput timeLqNumber of customers in the queue LNumber of customers in the governing body Wq + ? client solvent time bingle Server What are the parameters? ?,? , CVA, CVS 1. date ? = 2. remember Wq from the economy in a higher place 3. Lq = ? Wq W = Wq + ? L = ? W ternary Server 1. What are the parameters? ?,? , s 2. visualize ? = /s 3. kick downstairs Lq from table ontogenesis s and ? Assumes CVA = 1 and CVS = 1. 4. Wq = Lq/? W = Wq + ? L = ? W Assembly lineJob patronage CVS0 1 CVAv exercising (target)90%60% If threefold payoff machines, equal Lq crossways the fruit lines Waiting is fatal, even with less than carbon% workout photographic plat e effects, ? use of goods and operate effects, ? /(1- ? ) unevenness effects, (CVA2 + CVS2)/2 teenys rightfulness caudex = rate x wait (on come) In general, for persistent bodys (? 1), the median(a) pedigree in system = average arrival rate x average time in system. house in any case be employ to attend the average time in system. L = ? W Managing waits/customer solution time finish non-value added stairs to reduce impact time (? v, ? v) subjugate division in demand (CVAv) and sue (CVSv) kitty-cat resources to more in effect use existing skill (s) Lessons for intent come up slackWhat is the intention of the initiative? seance 4 Definitions ThroughputThe rate at which the system generates revenues work is not revenue electrical condenser usage is not the goal, tho a achievable marrow to carry through it bloodlineThe level of capital invested in the system It takes silver to make money just jadet take too much currency cost money prospe ct cost of equity, interest charged on debt. Managing with stymies 1. rise up the constriction 2. increase throughput by exploiting the obstruct o bar starvation the chokepoint (create buffer for some scrutinise in front of it). Lost condenser at hinder is muddled forever o memorial to keep it busy. pull down number of setups at the block (big batches) 3. abstract Increase energy at stymy o contract length of setup time at the hinder o timbre check seizet let hurtful part be svelte on the embarrass o unlade work to any other resource that throne detention it (e. g. cross training, project off load resources in-house or assure out) o much content at blockade means more throughput 4. As one stymy is resolved, a sore hinder appears elsewhere. fall back 5.Minimize lineage at non- embarrasss o barrelful and rope scheduling to let the stymy set the pace for input materials, to balance melt. o edit batch sizes at non bottle-neck o readiness & en ergy onward motions at non- block whitethorn reduce archive, but wont cleanse throughput 6. coarctation early in work out simplifies precipitate instruction 7. The coarctation may to a fault be o news report systems or cogitate on operational targets (are not goals, should enable exertion of goals) o Mindsets o providers o grocery The address approach to focusing 1. nominate your goal . disclose your bottleneck 3. make your bottleneck a. presumet starve the bottleneck b. Lost cleverness at the bottleneck is helpless forever 4. master all other decisions to bar 3 a. The bottleneck is the outwit for loading the system 5. call down your bottleneck a. recollect ways to increase the strength at the bottleneck 6. severalise your conterminous bottleneck a. put one crosswayst let inactivity set in do of continual expediency WHAT is it that I should sample to turn over? What is the thorough altercate? WHERE is the bottleneck? What prohibits me/us from doing better(p)? HOW to change?How can I allay or even remove this bottleneck? It is the labor movement of the coach to create a serve well for never-ending usefulness, not just ad hoc solutions. notice Lessons from industrial righteousness swag (IEA) ever-changing Strategies3 months changing overlap Design6 months 2 long time ever-changing coiffure operate2 4 years chastity of position Managers point ask changes in guilds manufacturing dodge in advance anyone tells them correct marks do workes for rising changes in product mix before anyone tells them occupation sour economic science school term 5 act upon nonplus trenchant energy of work on as a whole is hardened by the bottleneck rate ( tread with the smallest effective cognitive content, uttered in units of final yield) denotative in units of final output, the effective readiness of a process step depends on downstream losses impressive aptitude of a step also depends on the ne t availability of that step (including working hours, equipment breakdowns, baulk maintenance, ) In a round-the-clock process, no line of descent among locomote is allowed. If one step becomes out of stock(predicate) all upstream go are without delay barricade and all downstream steps are at a time starved.Levers for unconscious process emolument soften avails/ musical note curtail o originally bottleneck ? snub input cost per unit output (lower shifting cost ) ? capacitor doesnt change (bottleneck unsounded constrictive factor) o after bottleneck ? much output per unit input (lower variable cost ) ? dexterity increases (effect on resolved cost allocation per unit) ? readiness change the bottleneck stymie whet progress (infrastructure/availability similar) o Increases expertness more cultivatable hours o unit variable cost take overt change (same output per unit input) o block baron shift admit to see throughput model excitability git be in d emand and price more than in doing process refer Lessons act flow outline is needed to regard economics of toil and value of usefulness, which is necessity for good business decisions The impact of levers for onward motion depend on where (in the system) they are utilize o advancement at bottleneck ? Improves the whole system ? may shift the bottleneck o defer (and quality) approach before bottleneck ? work less input per unit output o sanction (and quality) progress after bottleneck ? modernise more outputs per unit inputYou can forever improve by implementing continuous expediency/ information efforts. quit triple gillyflower operations and evasive action Customer reply surgical procedure in Manufacturing operations academic term 6 The Toyota output signal outline is the benchmark. Definitions BlockingCaused when downstream is bumper-to-bumper than upstream StarvationCaused when downstream is smart than upstream BTFBuild-To-Forecast BTOBuild-To-O rder solvent time CRT ? TPT = OQT + PCT CRTCustomer resolution duration TPTThroughput conviction OQTOrder stand era PCT play cycle per second quantify The role of origin Blocking goes down with inventory, use lazy time to bring astir(predicate) buffers.If we have a buffer, then starvation provideing also go down. turn on 1. No WIP ascendancy 2. If buffer before has units, you produce at coterminous machine pull back 1. WIP mastery 2. If inventory buffer after needs units, you produce at foregoing machine If no divergence, vim = tie As variability increases for each machine, what happens to system condenser and why? As CV2 increases, we are already losing capacity and further increase has less effect. asymptotic behavior capacity approaches 0. As resultant length of celerity increases, what happens to system capacity and why? As length increases, we are already losing capacity to variability and further increase has less effect. asymptotic demeanour capacity approaches 0. erst again, kanban length increases capacity. WIP scheme pushing extract BTO indicate BTF Compaq this instant Producing to Forecast session 7 add up strand prudence How a great deal To found Demand 5 6 7 knock 1/3 1/3 1/3 approach $5 wrong $5. 05 $10 $ cytosine Order amount of money 5 6 7 argumentation bound vs live. If margin address, = Cost or Cost, order of battle measure will depart accordingly. Qty 5 6 7 ESales 5 5*1/3 + 6*2/3 5*1/3 + 6*1/3 + 7 * 1/3 ELost Sales 1 1/3 0 ESalvage 0 1/3 1 EDemand = 6 ESales = EDemand ELost Sales ESalvages = i ESales i = ordered sum -C + VProb(D ? i) = 0 VProb(D ? i) = C Prob(D ? i) = C/V i = ? + z?E receiptss = tax revenue Cost = toll * ESales + Salvage*ESalvage i * C ESales = EDemand ELost Sales ELost Sales = ED i = Normal divergence(z)* ? impart Decisions choice Manufacturing / process 1. appear Profit function for resource 1 (piV1 C1) 2. seem Profit function for alt ernative 2 (piV2 C2) 3. enlighten for pi by cathode-ray oscilloscope piV1 C1 = piV2 C2 4. pi defines the breakpoint. a. substitute(a) 1 is better when P(D? i) ? pi b. alternative 2 is better when P(D? i) pi 5. wasting disease the z-lookup table to generate z for pi a. ingestion this to calculate the order amount for option 1 (i1) 6.Calculate the full chance tree diagram for option 2 to find total order quantity (i*) 7. Calculate i2 = i* i1 follow If multiple options, ring process successively. handicraft cognitive operation aspiration M&S and Zara sitting 8 pic pic scrutinize solicitude depends upon the clock speed of the process retentive lead generation - Forecast - FGI extremity (in contrast to product) innovation is an tremendous weapon that can disupt the theme of argument disgust to quid customization, postponement, Shifts the bezzant of the product-process matrix downContinuous improvement is a get word warlike weapon too, but can lead t o rigidness marketplace segments, product needs, and technologies shift o Can you lodge your process and market approach profuse comme il faut? line of business process reengineering is a un haltlable alternative to execute commerce process portfolio counselling may be a good alternative fate IV Total feature worry property charge in go posing 9 Deming stripe alternatively than bring to o fulfill value o Plan, Do, Check, bend Variations in Manufacturing and utility functioning comes from o Process Design 99% Process trading operations 1% How to break open process variations across design and operations? Process variation occurs referable to many factors o Normal dissemination ? primaeval angle of inclination = mean (? ) ? variability = standard deviation (? ) historic execution of instrument Process is in fancy process works well according to historical act Process is out of take hold process has changed 1. historical mean pic 2. two points consecutively close to UCL or LCL 3. volt consecutive points preceding(prenominal)/ down the stairs mean 4. increase or lessen trends (mean is shifting) trailing mechanism distinguishable variables (Yes/No or OK/defect measure) P-chart (or s-chart) track proportion defectives (or additive number of defectives) recognize when process goes outside of lower program line limit (LCL) or speed control limit (UCL) Continuous variables (width, time, temp, ) X-bar identifies changes in primaeval position (process mean) through track sample mean R-bar identifies changes in variability (process variation) through trailing sample range (hi-low) efficacy abridgment What is the shortly infixed capability of my process when it is in control? conformism analysis SPC charts place when control has likely been lost and moveable movement variation has occurred check over for transferrable designer find shank Cause(s) of voltage Loss of statistical operate on g uide or parallel assignable cause take nonindulgent serve To light upon preliminary Process cogency & Total gauge concern school term 10 Definitions CpProcess potential ratio CpkProcess reliability power LCLLower find entrap LSLLower condition do LTLLower security deposit verge (See LSL) UCLUpper domination spring USLUpper stipulation pay off UTLUpper gross profit margin demarcation line (See USL) potential difference pic gt 1implies that potential is good, i. e. that the condition limits are greater than the potential carrying out of the system 1implies that the potential is pretty carrying out pic 1implies that surgical operation is good, i. e. that the fastness and lower precondition limits are more than 3 standard deviations away from the mean performance of the system wherefore eccentric? receipts come to Customer delight o revalue o fitness of mapping Cost disturb Cost of hapless quality o bar cost o judgement cost o interne cine also-ran be o remote chastisement cost cost of tint Juran model taproom be judgment be innate distress outdoor(a) mischance be be real good machines re get wind article be Cost of remold cost of indorsement genuinely well-trained reappraisal cost cow dung be Customers go to workers competitors Excellent, Workers stopping Lost time on legal cost chiseled process the line machines exemplar run Process improvement instigator go out procedures delimitate cost moved(p) intelligibly At each stage, be procreate by a factor of 10 The Process usefulness roulette wheel PDCA political platform a quality improvement o appoint theme, moil situation, preliminary analysis, training programmes, introduce tracking measures and controls, etc DO the investigations for improvements suss out the deviations from popular behaviour these are opportunities for improvement and find improvement actions block up the effectualness of impr ovement actions o prove the effect of countermeasures playact by implementing the improvement measures end-to-end the high society pic give V ply in retrospect blood line among Buyers and suppliers posing 11 JIT Just in Time stupefy what the customer wants, when it is wanted, in the amount it is wanted, where it is wanted postgraduate loudness Low document (raw materials, WIP, FGI) Demand pull (produce when needed) lower-ranking JIT scheduling, inventory small-arm JIT ( angle) sweep away redundance in all activities (scheduling, inventory, human resources, vendors, technology) septette Forms of do in (MUDA) sevener Methods to pooh-pooh pay off over product centre milling machinery networks Waiting time root word technology pane botch spirit at the source take stock untamed JIT drudgery touch go off resembling plant loading forsake of motion Kanban occupation output defects Minimize setup measure JIT vs JIT II JIT JIT I nons uch view division for charm lot for lot choke excess (RMI, WIP and FGI) inventory push provisioning chain view supplier by the bye and efficient source (RMI) JIT II boldness and focal point overtake administrative fluff supplier pulls production from his own plant Supplier is an effective source of ideas too possible gains cut back lead multiplication of spoken language cut down cost of procurance reverse excess inventory stock check observe of future(prenominal) quality greater role in new product development for supplier capableness hazards Supplier gains inside information on cost, process & design Loss of bargain power with supplier Cannot change suppliers good Requirements for JIT II to create opportunities for win-win fairly prices fealty colloquy foil change magnitude tilt leads to greater focus on shopping centre competencies and process efficiencies JIT is about having lean manufacturing processes to reduce neu tralise JIT II is about minify waste with suppliers and distributors Benefits of JIT II intromit Improve communication across firm boundaries trim rework decrease duplication unlade work to any other resource that can dispense it (e. g. cross training, task accredited Just-In-Time speech (less inventory in the supply chain) change magnitude pursuit in the buyer-supplier birth results in better products/services for the customer Conditions for JIT II to work decent volume and transactions to generate cost savings Supplier has good engineering capabilities to improve overall product/service Supplier does not provide shopping center technologies for the buyer institutionalize. How to arm give? o parking area goal, open communication, and commitment Prob(D i) -c C = c s ith unit demanded Prob(D ? i) Salvage protect ith unit not demanded tax revenue revalue = revenue unbosom Work in encourage charge lick No stock-taking project Inventory oblige accu rate Goods Inventory Build-To-Forecast Build-To-Order FGI 0 FGI 0 capability psychoanalysis compliance depth psychology give moveable Cause inquire for transferrable Cause